Daniel 11
Prophecy: Antiochus IV Epiphanes;
Heliodorus and Antiochus son of Seleucus;
Onias III and Jason;
Ptolemy VI Philometor and Ptolemy VIII Tryphon;
Caius [aka Gaius] Popillius Laenas;
Mattathias Ben Johanan and Judas Maccabeus
Daniel 11:21-35
Do you love Israel?
Or maybe...
Do you ignore the Israeli-Arab conflict?
Or are you an antisemite?
In October 7th, 2023, a massacre took place in southern Israel - which is not called as terrorist attack by Wikipedia and many others, but "series of coordinated armed incursions", "attack" or "invasion". Muslim Arab terrorists killed more than 1200 Israelis (including foreigners) and took circa 250 hostages. They committed atrocities beyond description. But the Wikipedia article describing this calls the terrorists "Hamas fighters". Perhaps they want us to compare them to George Washington, or the US forces on D-day? When you insist in being spineless, your political correctness makes you to a servant of Satan, without any moral compass whatsoever. "Fighters" don't rape women or behead babies, and "fighters" don't take hostages. Terrorists do. Those acts are called "war crimes", because there are ways to wage war - as Israel does - and ways to carry out terrorism - as Hamas does.
After that horrendous terror attack, Israel launched a war against Hamas, in the same way several countries in this world fought Saddam Hussein after Kuwait's invasion, or ISIS after Syria and Iraq's invasion, or the Nazis after most of Europe's invasion; you can choose and pick any example of righteous response to an abominable aggression. But most demonstrations - even in the Western world - are calling for a "ceasefire" in favor of Hamas.
Which sane person would demonstrate for Saddam Hussein, ISIS or the Nazis?
Where were the passionate arguments for the Kuwaiti civilians, the Syrian/Iraqi civilians, or the German civilians?
What's the difference when evil people commit atrocities against Kuwait, Iraq and Syria, most European countries, or when it happens against Israel?
War is a terrible thing. That's why Saddam Hussein should have never invade Kuwait, ISIS should have never invade Syria and Iraq, and Hitler should have never invade almost the whole continent. But nobody would blame the Gulf War on President Bush, the Syrian War on NATO or the war against Nazi Germany on PM Churchill, President Stalin or President Roosevelt. All of them were doing what they were supposed to.
What's the difference when the leaders of any country fight back against evil invaders, and when the PM of Israel does the same thing?
What can prompt any decent person to blame Israel and support Hamas?
NOTE: If you are about to answer, "Israel occupies Palestine", don't. Please. "Palestine" doesn't exist outside Wikipedia, because the terrorist governments which have been in charge in those territories have never come to an agreement with the Jews since 1964. Israel is a sovereign state since 1948, recognized by most of the world except radical Islamists and Communists. But "Palestine" isn't. You can't occupy a country which doesn't exist. Palestine is a name - and by the way, a European one, not Arab - for a geographical place, not a country. It could have become a country since 1936, but the radical opposition of the Arabs to a Jewish State in 20% of the area between the Jordan river and the Mediterranean made it impossible.
Excuse me?
Yes, I mean that the British offered the Arabs 4/5 of the disputed territory at the time, and the Jews 1/5 (after giving the whole country of Jordan to the Arabs, which was included in the British Mandate for Palestine as well). The Jews accepted that deal, but the Arabs didn't. In 1947 the British gave up on the discussion and passed it to the UN. The UN conceived another partition plan: 50/50 % between Arabs and Jews. Once again, the Jews accepted, the Arabs didn't. This time, a multinational Arab coalition attacked Israel to kill all Jews. But they lost. 1948, 1967 and 1973 are the years of three genocidal wars the Arabs conducted against the Jews.
There is an unclean spirit of hatred against the Jewish people that has come to be called "antisemitism". The Jews are hated now on the "occupation" pretext, they were hated before because of their race, and even before because of their religion. But this unclean spirit of hatred is almost as old as the Jewish people is. They had not entered their land yet, and the Amalekites were attacking them (Exodus 17:8-16)
This old hatred remained among the Egyptians, the Philistines, the Arameans, the Ammonites, the Moabites... All of them fought against Israel. When the whole Middle East was under Persian rule, an officer of king Xerxes tried to kill all Jews. You can read about it in the book of Esther. The Roman Empire made up "Syria-Palaestina" - as they had made up "Syria-Phoenicia" - to erase Jewish identity, transforming Judea in a part of the Roman Syria. It happened after two wars where they killed more than a million Jews. The most recent examples of the Arab rulers from 1948 to 1973, the Nazis with the Holocaust and the terrorists from Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad or the PLO, engaging in terrorism for decades, are well known.
The prophecy we are about to show you today is about a vile person who totally incarnated that spirit of hatred. His name was Antiochus IV Epiphanes, and you can read the prophecies about him in the chapter 8 of the book of Daniel in this blog. He is the "little horn" of the "goat" in that prophecy.
This is Daniel 11:21-35 in the New International Version:
"And in his place a despicable person will arise, on whom the majesty of kingship has not been conferred; but he will come in a time of tranquility and seize the kingdom by intrigue".
"And the overflowing forces will be flooded away from him and smashed, and also the prince of the covenant. After an alliance is made with him he will practice deception, and he will go up and gain power with a small force of people. In a time of tranquility he will enter the richest parts of the realm, and he will accomplish what his fathers did not, nor his ancestors; he will distribute plunder, spoils, and possessions among them, and he will devise his schemes against strongholds, but only for a time".
"And he will stir up his strength and courage against the king of the South with a large army; so the king of the South will mobilize an extremely large and mighty army for war; but he will not stand, because schemes will be devised against him. Those who eat his choice food will destroy him, and his army will overflow, but many will fall down slain. As for both kings, their hearts will be intent on evil, and they will speak lies to each other at the same table; but it will not succeed, because the end is still to come at the appointed time. Then he will return to his land with much plunder; but his heart will be set against the holy covenant, and he will take action and then return to his own land".
"At the appointed time he will return and come into the South, but this last time it will not turn out the way it did before. For ships of Kittim will come against him; therefore he will withdraw in fear and will return and curse the holy covenant and take action; so he will come back and pay attention to those who abandon the holy covenant".
"Forces from him will arise, desecrate the sanctuary fortress, and do away with the regular sacrifice. And they will set up the abomination of desolation. And by smooth words he will turn to godlessness those who act wickedly toward the covenant, but the people who know their God will be strong and take action. And those who have insight among the people will give understanding to the many; yet they will fall by sword and by flame, by captivity and by plunder for many days. Now when they fall they will be granted a little help, and many will join with them in hypocrisy. And some of those who have insight will fall, to refine, purge, and cleanse them until the end time; because it is still to come at the appointed time".
The Hebrew original is this:
21 וְעָמַ֤ד עַל־כַּנּוֹ֙ נִבְזֶ֔ה וְלֹא־נָתְנ֥וּ עָלָ֖יו ה֣וֹד מַלְכ֑וּת וּבָ֣א בְשַׁלְוָ֔ה וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק מַלְכ֖וּת בַּחֲלַקְלַקּֽוֹת׃
22 וּזְרֹע֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֛טֶף יִשָּׁטְפ֥וּ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו וְיִשָּׁבֵ֑רוּ וְגַ֖ם נְגִ֥יד בְּרִֽית׃
23 וּמִן־הִֽתְחַבְּר֥וּת אֵלָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִרְמָ֑ה וְעָלָ֥ה וְעָצַ֖ם בִּמְעַט־גּֽוֹי׃
24 בְּשַׁלְוָ֞ה וּבְמִשְׁמַנֵּ֣י מְדִינָה֮ יָבוֹא֒ וְעָשָׂ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־עָשׂ֤וּ אֲבֹתָיו֙ וַאֲב֣וֹת אֲבֹתָ֔יו בִּזָּ֧ה וְשָׁלָ֛ל וּרְכ֖וּשׁ לָהֶ֣ם יִבְז֑וֹר וְעַ֧ל מִבְצָרִ֛ים יְחַשֵּׁ֥ב מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖יו וְעַד־עֵֽת׃
25 וְיָעֵר֩ כֹּח֨וֹ וּלְבָב֜וֹ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב֮ בְּחַ֣יִל גָּדוֹל֒ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֗גֶב יִתְגָּרֶה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה בְּחַֽיִל־גָּד֥וֹל וְעָצ֖וּם עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔ד כִּֽי־יַחְשְׁב֥וּ עָלָ֖יו מַחֲשָׁבֽוֹת׃
26 וְאֹכְלֵ֧י פַת־בָּג֛וֹ יִשְׁבְּר֖וּהוּ וְחֵיל֣וֹ יִשְׁט֑וֹף וְנָפְל֖וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃
27 וּשְׁנֵיהֶ֤ם הַמְּלָכִים֙ לְבָבָ֣ם לְמֵרָ֔ע וְעַל־שֻׁלְחָ֥ן אֶחָ֖ד כָּזָ֣ב יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְלֹ֣א תִצְלָ֔ח כִּי־ע֥וֹד קֵ֖ץ לַמּוֹעֵֽד׃
28 וְיָשֹׁ֤ב אַרְצוֹ֙ בִּרְכ֣וּשׁ גָּד֔וֹל וּלְבָב֖וֹ עַל־בְּרִ֣ית קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֖ה וְשָׁ֥ב לְאַרְצֽוֹ׃
29 לַמּוֹעֵ֥ד יָשׁ֖וּב וּבָ֣א בַנֶּ֑גֶב וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה כָרִאשֹׁנָ֖ה וְכָאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃
30 וּבָ֨אוּ ב֜וֹ צִיִּ֤ים כִּתִּים֙ וְנִכְאָ֔ה וְשָׁ֛ב וְזָעַ֥ם עַל־בְּרִֽית־ק֖וֹדֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וְשָׁ֣ב וְיָבֵ֔ן עַל־עֹזְבֵ֖י בְּרִ֥ית קֹֽדֶשׁ׃
31 וּזְרֹעִ֖ים מִמֶּ֣נּוּ יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ וְחִלְּל֞וּ הַמִּקְדָּ֤שׁ הַמָּעוֹז֙ וְהֵסִ֣ירוּ הַתָּמִ֔יד וְנָתְנ֖וּ הַשִּׁקּ֥וּץ מְשׁוֹמֵֽם׃
32 וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃
33 וּמַשְׂכִּ֣ילֵי עָ֔ם יָבִ֖ינוּ לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וְנִכְשְׁל֞וּ בְּחֶ֧רֶב וּבְלֶהָבָ֛ה בִּשְׁבִ֥י וּבְבִזָּ֖ה יָמִֽים׃
34 וּבְהִכָּ֣שְׁלָ֔ם יֵעָזְר֖וּ עֵ֣זֶר מְעָ֑ט וְנִלְו֧וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּחֲלַקְלַקּֽוֹת׃
35 וּמִן־הַמַּשְׂכִּילִ֣ים יִכָּֽשְׁל֗וּ לִצְר֥וֹף בָּהֶ֛ם וּלְבָרֵ֥ר וְלַלְבֵּ֖ן עַד־עֵ֣ת קֵ֑ץ כִּי־ע֖וֹד לַמּוֹעֵֽד׃
This is how it sounds:
"Veamád al-kanó nivzé velo-natnú aláv hod malxút, ubá besalvá vehexezík malxút behalaklakót"
"Usheroót hashétef yishtefú milepanáv veyishvéru, vegám negíd berít. Umin-hitxaberót eláv yaasé mirmá, vealá veatsám bimát-góy. Besalvá ubemishmané mediná yabó, veasá asher lo asú avotáv vaavót avotáv. Bizá veshalál urkúsh lahém yivzór, veal mivtzarím yehashév maxshevotáv vead-et"
"Veyaér koxó ulvavó al-mélek hanégev, bexáyil gadól. Umélek hanégev yitgaré lamilxamá bexáyil-gadól veatsúm ad-meód. Veló yaamód, ki-yaxshevú aláv maxashvót. Veoxlé pat-bagó yishverúhu vexeló; yishtóf venafelú xalalím rabím. Ushenehém ha-melaxím levavám lemaré, veal-shulxán exád kazáv yedabéru veló titsláx, ki-od kets lamoéd. Veyasháv artsó birkúsh gadól, ulevavó al-berít kódesh. Veasá vesháv leartsó"
"Lamoéd yashúv ubá benégev, veló tihyé karishoná vexaaxaroná. Ubáu bo ziyím kittím venixá vesháv. Vezaám al-berít-kódesh veasá, vesháv veyavén al-oshvé berít kódesh"
"Uzeroím miménu yaamódu, vexilelú hamikdásh vehamaóz, vehesíru hatamíd, venatenú hashikúts meshomém. Umarshié berít yaaníf baxalakót, veám yodé Eloháv yaxazíku veasú. Umasxilé am yavínu lerabím, venixshelú bexérev uvlehavá bishví uvvisá yamím. Uvhikashlám yeazerú ézer meát, venilvú alehém rabím bexalaklakót. Umin-hamaskilím yikashlú litseróf bahém ulevarér velalvén ad-et kets, ki-od lamoéd"
The rendering of the New International Version is almost a literal one, with some adjustments to get a most normal and fluent English. The prophecy about Antiochus IV Epiphanes, which we read in this passage, can be divided in five sections:
How Antiochus IV Epiphanes took the crown (verse 21)
In the previous message we have seen that Seleucus IV Philopator was reigning, as the second son of Antiochus the Great - the first one had died. We also saw that Heliodorus, an officer with no royal ancestry, got him killed and usurped the throne. He did so under the pretension of being a tutor of Seleucus son and heir Antiochus, who was only five years old. As we can see, the "majesty of kingship" was not conceded to Antiochus IV, brother of Seleucus IV, but to Seleucus son. However, Antiochus IV was a "master of intrigue" and became strong "not by his own power" (Daniel 8:23-24). He came to Syria with help of Eumenes II of Pergamon, deposed Heliodorus and proclamed himself co-regent with the child Antiochus. Later on he would kill Heliodorus and his nephew as well. So he got the throne, and "seized the kingdom by intrigue".
A brief summary of Antiochus IV's reign (verses 22-24)
Antiochus IV Epiphanes was not only an intriger, but also a very wicked and cruel person. He started two campaigns against Egypt (the "overflowing forces" are the Egyptian armies) and every time he came back from Egypt, he viciously persecuted the Jews. The "prince of the covenant" in the prophecy was Onias III, the High Priest at the time, a patriotic and religious Jewish leader that he deposed and replaced with the Hellenizer Jason. The Hellenization of Israel had not been not a special endeavor of the Ptolemies, Antiochus the Great or Seleucus IV. They used to leave the Jews free to worship God and to order their society according to the Bible. Antiochus did "what his ancestors had not done" ever. He attacked the Jews in their religion, and tried to force them to become more Greek like (meaning, pagans). He took the side of the apostate Jews (Jason and his Hellenizers) and strongly fought against the patriotic, religious Jews that tried to keep their worship and biblical way of life. He plundered Israel as well (entering "the richest parts of the realm") to distribute the plunder among his followers.
Antiochus IV's First Egyptian campaign (verses 25-28)
These verses prophesy the first campaign of Antiochus against Egypt, called the Sixth Syrian War (170-168 BC). The king of the South was Ptolemy VI Philometor, who was a teenager at the time. Ptolemy "couldn't stand" because of several "schemes devised against him". Because of Ptolemy's age, the country was not ruled by him. Cleopatra I his mother appointed regents, those who would "eat his choice food" and "destroy him". This was the result of wrongly counselling him about fighting Antiochus, and after it proved to be a disaster, they were replaced in a coup d'état by other regents, who tried to reach a treaty with the king of the North. Antiochus proclamed himself king as Ptolemy's tutor, "speaking lies at the same table", it means, making a false treaty. It was unacceptable to the new regents, who declared Ptolemy VIII as the only regent. The new regents "destroyed him" as well.
When Antiochus came back from his Egyptian campaign, he attacked the Jews - "his heart was set against the holy covenant". It is written in the 2nd book of Maccabees that he killed 40 000 faithful Jews and sold another 40 000 as slaves, and that he plundered the temple in Jerusalem.
Antiochus IV's Second Egyptian campaign (verses 29-30)
Antiochus IV Epiphanes marched against Egypt again in 168 BC, because Ptolemy VI and his brother Ptolemy VIII had been reconciled, and the treaty he and the first Ptolemy had signed was worthless. But "this last time it did not turn out the way it did before". "Kittim" is the Hebrew name for Cyprus, and in a more extended meaning, the Mediterranean islands, under Roman rule. The "ships of Kittim" were the Roman fleet which stopped him, and the Roman Senator Caius Popilius Laenas, who was sent by the Roman Senate in order to command him to leave Egypt.
It is said that Caius Popilius didn't welcome or even greet Antiochus. He directly exposed the Senate's demand. Antiochus asked for time to consult his generals, but Caius Popilius Laenas drew a circle in the sand with his staff around the Seleucid king, and demanded an answer before he would left the circle. Antiochus understood that leaving the circle without complying was a declaration of war against Rome, which was out of the question. Then he promised to obey the orders of the Roman Senate, and only then Caius Popilius extended his hand to him as a friend.
The meeting between Antiochus IV and Caius Popilius Laenas, known in history as the Day of Eleusis, marked the end of the Sixth Syrian War, and killed any hope of the Seleucids about conquering Egypt. It was probably the greatest humilliation Antiochus suffered in his life, and certainly his greatest frustration. It was in this state of humilliation and frustration he "returned and cursed the holy covenant and took action", meaning he lashed out against Jerusalem in the most vicious way. This event is prophesied in Daniel 11:31-35 and the fulfilment of the prophecy is well documented in the 1st book of Maccabees.
Antiochus IV's persecution against the Jews (vv 31-35)
The persecution that Antiochus IV Epiphanes unleashed against the Jews can only compare to the one the Persian official Haman, who plotted the genocide of all Jews, or the Roman Empire, that destroyed the temple and Jerusalem, and sent the Jews in a diaspora, or the Nazis that perpetrated a genocide of Jews as well. The Seleucid king was so vicious in his persecution that he prompted the Maccabean Revolt, that would eventually lead to Israel's independence from the Seleucid Empire. Some details can be seen in Daniel 8:9-12 in this blog, a prophecy about Antiochus IV which matches the one of Daniel 11. Besides, we have the historical confirmation in the books of Maccabees.
In Daniel 11:31 we read that Antiochus would:
- "desecrate the sanctuary fortress": 1 Maccabees 1:35-36 tells us that "they built the city of David with a great and strong wall, and with strong towers, and made it a fortress for them. And they placed there a sinful nation, wicked men, and they fortified themselves therein; and they stored up armour, and victuals, and gathered together the spoils of Jerusalem". And in v. 38 we read that "this was a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary". The city of David was contiguous to the temple, which they defiled, 1 Maccabees 1:39.
- "do away with the regular sacrifice": 1 Maccabees 1:46-48 tells us, "And the king sent letters by the hands of messengers to Jerusalem, and to all the cities of Juda: that they should follow the law of the nations of the earth, and should forbid holocausts and sacrifices, and atonements to be made in the temple of God. And should prohibit the sabbath, and the festival days, to be celebrated".
- "set up the abomination of desolation": 1 Maccabees 1:57 tells us that Antiochus "set up the abominable idol of desolation upon the altar of God".
In Daniel 11:32 we read that Antiochus would "turn to godlessness those who acted wickedly toward the covenant", which he did, empowering the apostate Jews who followed his orders and abandoned their religion. In 1 Maccabees 1:45 we read that "many of Israel consented to his service, and they sacrificed to idols, and profaned the sabbath". But "the people who knew their God would be strong and take action". The fulfilment of this prophecy appears in 1 Maccabees, chapters 2 and 3. The beginning of the Maccabean Revolt was lead by a priest named Mathathias, who was succeded by his son, Judas Maccabeus.
Daniel 11:33 prophesies that:
- "those who have insight among the people will give understanding to the many". We can read in 1 Maccabees 2 how Mathathias "gave understanding" to his followers.
- "yet they will fall by sword and by flame, by captivity and by plunder for many days". In 1 Maccabees 2:38 we read about the massacre that the faithful Jews suffered.
Daniel 11:34-35 prophesy: "when they fall they will be granted a little help, and many will join with them in hypocrisy". Help was offered to the rebels in order to bribe them, and gain them to the apostate wing (1 Maccabees 2:15-18). That's why it was a "hypocritical" help. The prophecy continues like this: "some of those who have insight will fall, to refine, purge, and cleanse them until the end time; because it is still to come at the appointed time". At the "end time" of the revolt, the Maccabees won and obtained independence. The "Festival of Lights" (aka Hanukka) which is celebrated by the Jews all around the world in December, commemorates the dedication of the temple by the Maccabees, when they took it back from Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
The Word of God calls us to "pray for the peace of Jerusalem". Psalms 122:6-7 tells us:
The peace and security of God's people is God's will. And the terrorist children of Satan have been fighting against God for decades now. The Bible shows us that God wants peace in Jerusalem, and in all Israel. But terrorists make peace impossible. This is not a war between Jews and "Palestinians". The Jews are also Palestinians. This is a war between good and evil, a war between God and Satan. The Maccabees fought an enemy that desecrated Jerusalem's temple and tried to erase God from Israel. The Israeli army is fighting today against an enemy that seeks Israel's destruction. As God gave the Maccabees victory upon a superior enemy, he will give Israel victory over the evil forces trying to obliterate them. What should we do?
The Word of God calls us to "pray for the peace of Jerusalem". This is not a suggestion. This is a commandment. God could do anything He wants, because nobody tells Him what to do. But He wants us to be aligned with His will. The Word of God says in 1 John 5:14-15, "This is the confidence we have in approaching God: that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us. And if we know that he hears us - whatever we ask - we know that we have what we asked of him". The key to get a positive answer to our prayers is that they shall be "according to His will".
The children of Satan have been more than 70 years trying to undo Israel. But God told us through His prophets that Israel would be restored, and the children of God believe in His Word. We not only believe it; we shape our lives and our prayers according to it.
Pray for the peace of Jerusalem! The same God who broke down the power of evil men like Hitler, Saddam Hussein or Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, is able to break down the terrorists of Hamas, Hezbollah, or the Houthis, and even their evil puppet master, the Iranian regime. Nothing is impossible with God.
If you have not yet received Jesus Christ as your Lord and Savior, let me tell you that the war in Israel, the war in Ukraine and the rumors about other wars, coming from China, Iran or Russia are signs of Jesus' Second Coming. Both the prophets of Israel and the apostles of Jesus Christ spoke about the coming of the Kingdom of God, the reign of Israel's Messiah. But this is good news only for those who believe in the God of Israel, the Creator of heavens and earth. The rest of mankind shall be oppressed and persecuted to death by the antichrist, the last human dictator who is prophesied by Daniel, Paul, John and Our Lord Jesus Himself, among many others. We don't know the time of the Lord's coming, but we do know that it will happen.
The people who will surrender to the antichrist will seal their eternal condemnation, and those who refuse to do it will be killed by him. On that day nobody will have the freedom to receive Jesus as their Lord and Savior, which we enjoy now, at least in most of the world. Perhaps you wonder, why would I need a Lord and Savior? Because both you and I, and even all of mankind, are sinners. There is eternal condemnation for sinners in the lake of fire and eternal blessing for repented sinners in heaven. I'm not telling you as a holy child of God, but as a sinner that God reached out to, and saved. The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus, Our Lord. The only thing you have to do is to come before Him in prayer, repent your sins and ask Him for forgiveness. Then pray that He will save you and send His Holy Spirit to abide in you. If you do that, and you believe, and you seek in the Holy Scriptures, God will speak to you, as He does to all of their children.
In the love of Christ, your brother
Israel Leonard
PS. Jesus is coming soon!
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